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Upgrade of Solar Energy System in Mechanical/Mechatronic Engineering Department

Post author By editoracademians@gmail.com
Post date November 19, 2025
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International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Computer Science

E-ISSN: 3121-6382

An Internationally Renowned, Widely Indexed, Open Access Journal—Peer Reviewed and Published Quarterly—Dedicated to Advancing Global Scholarship Across Disciplines.

Upgrade of Solar Energy System in Mechanical/Mechatronic Engineering Department

Keywords:

Solar Energy System Upgrade, Renewable Energy Integration, Departmental Energy Upgrade, Institutional Energy Demand, Fossil Fuel Replacement, Sustainable Campus

Abstract

Energy is one of the major issues that the world is facing, the supply of energy has been one of the major problems for both urban and rural households. About 60% to 70% of the energy demand of any institution is met by fuelwood and agriculture residues. Solar energy is a renewable source of energy, which has a great potential and it is radiated or comes from the sun. Renewable energy is important to replace the using of electric energy generated by fossil fuel. Solar power has become a source of renewable energy and solar energy application should be enhanced.

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A Bivariate Chebyshev Integral Collocation Method for Solving One-Dimensional Heat Equation with Initial and Dirichlet Boundary Conditions

International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Computer Science

E-ISSN: 3121-6382

An Internationally Renowned, Widely Indexed, Open Access Journal—Peer Reviewed and Published Quarterly—Dedicated to Advancing Global Scholarship Across Disciplines.

A Bivariate Chebyshev Integral Collocation Method for Solving One-Dimensional Heat Equation with Initial and Dirichlet Boundary Conditions

Keywords:

Bivariate Chebyshev polynomials; Heat equation; Integral collocation; Chebyshev–Gauss–Lobatto nodes;

Abstract

Partial differential equations (PDEs) play a vital role in modeling diverse physical and engineering processes, such as heat conduction and diffusion. However, obtaining analytical solutions is often difficult or impossible, which motivates the development of efficient numerical techniques. This paper presents a novel bivariate Chebyshev integral collocation method (BCICM) for solving the one-dimensional heat equation on the domain with initial and Dirichlet boundary conditions. In the proposed method, the second-order spatial derivative in the governing PDE is approximated using a truncated bivariate shifted Chebyshev series of the first kind. By performing twofold integration, the approximate solution is reassembled while arbitrary integration functions are determined through boundary conditions. The time derivative is then evaluated analytically and substituted back into the heat equation, yielding an algebraic system for the unknown Chebyshev coefficients. Chebyshev-Gauss (CG) nodes in space and Chebyshev–Gauss–Lobatto (CGL) nodes in time are selected as collocation points to ensure the initial condition is imposed at The entire procedure is implemented using MATLAB to efficiently compute the Chebyshev coefficients and approximate solutions. Three Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the efficiency, rapid convergence, and accuracy of the proposed method.

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ajb-5

Post author By editoracademians@gmail.com
Post date October 14, 2025
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Academians Journal of Biology

An Open Access Peer Reviewed International Journal.
Publication Frequency: Bimonthly
ISSN Online: XXXX-XXXX
Country of Origin: Nigeria
Language: English
Publisher Name: Academians Publishers

The Quest for First Principles: A Critical Examination of B.M. Mednikov's Axiomatic Foundation for Theoretical Biology

Keywords:

theoretical biology, axiomatic method, B.M. Mednikov, philosophy of biology, reductionism, genetic program, evolutionary theory

Abstract

Abstract: The goal of creating a unified theoretical biology, similar to the solid foundations seen in physics, is still one of the biggest challenges in life sciences. Because biological systems are so complex and variable, some doubt whether this is even possible. This paper looks at a major effort to address this challenge: the axiomatic system developed by Russian biologist Boris Mikhailovich Mednikov. We place Mednikov’s work in the larger history of searching for basic principles in biology and examine his five main axioms, which describe life as an energy-dependent process of maintaining and reproducing specific structures, with the genome at its core. We discuss the philosophical basis of his system, pointing out its strengths in connecting genetics, evolution, and development. We also consider its weaknesses, such as possible reductionism and how it handles adaptation. In the end, we argue that even if a fully formalized axiomatic biology is out of reach, Mednikov’s work offers a valuable framework that still sparks debate about the basic laws of living systems.

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ajb-4

Post author By editoracademians@gmail.com
Post date October 14, 2025
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Academians Journal of Biology

Exosomes: From Cellular Messengers to Pivotal Mediators of Disease Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Vectors

Keywords:

Exosomes, Extracellular Vesicles, Intercellular Communication, Cancer Biomarkers, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Drug Delivery Systems, Exosome Biogenesis, MicroRNA

Abstract

Exosomes, a subset of extracellular vesicles (EVs) with diameters ranging from 30 to 150 nanometers, were once considered mere cellular debris. However, over the past two decades, they have been recognized as fundamental mediators of intercellular communication. These lipid-bilayer-enclosed vesicles are generated through the endosomal pathway and carry a complex cargo of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids (including DNA, mRNA, and non-coding RNAs) that reflects the physiological state of their cell of origin. Upon release into the extracellular space and subsequent uptake by recipient cells, exosomes can modulate a wide array of biological processes, including immune responses, neuronal communication, and tissue repair. This review comprehensively explores the biogenesis, cargo sorting, and release mechanisms of exosomes. We then delve into their multifaceted roles in both maintaining homeostasis and driving disease progression, with a particular focus on cancer (pro-tumorigenic signaling, metastasis, and drug resistance), neurodegenerative disorders (propagation of pathological proteins like α-synuclein and tau), and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the dual nature of exosomes as both biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis and as innovative therapeutic vehicles for targeted drug and nucleic acid delivery. Finally, we address the current challenges and future perspectives in the rapidly evolving field of exosome research, highlighting their immense potential in precision medicine.

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ajb-3

Post author By editoracademians@gmail.com
Post date October 14, 2025
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Academians Journal of Biology

Functional Roles of Circular RNAs in Tumorigenesis and Clinical Applications

Keywords:

Circular RNA (circRNA), Tumorigenesis, Biomarker, microRNA Sponge, Non-coding RNA, Cancer Therapeutics, Liquid Biopsy, Gene Regulation

Abstract

Abstract: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a recently recognized group of RNA molecules with a closed loop structure, lacking a 5′ cap and a 3′ poly(A) tail. Once thought to be splicing errors, they are now known for their stability, conservation, and specific expression in different cell types. Research has shown that circRNAs play important roles in cancer development and progression. This review summarizes current knowledge about circRNA formation, properties, and functions in cancer. We describe how circRNAs can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors by sponging microRNAs, interacting with RNA-binding proteins, regulating transcription, or being translated into peptides. We also list examples of circRNAs altered in cancers such as glioblastoma, lung, breast, gastric, and colorectal, and explain how they affect key cancer traits like uncontrolled growth, evading growth suppression, spreading, and forming new blood vessels. In addition, we discuss the strong potential of circRNAs as clinical tools. Because they are stable and found in body fluids like blood and saliva, circRNAs could serve as non-invasive biomarkers for early cancer detection, prognosis, and monitoring treatment response. Finally, we consider targeting harmful circRNAs or restoring beneficial ones as new cancer therapies, and outline the challenges and future directions in this fast-moving field.

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ajb-2

Post author By editoracademians@gmail.com
Post date October 14, 2025
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Academians Journal of Biology

Advances in Synthetic Biology for Sustainable Biofuel Production: Engineering Microbes for a Greener Future

Keywords:

Synthetic Biology, Metabolic Engineering, Advanced Biofuels, Lignocellulose, Consolidated Bioprocessing, C1 Feedstocks, CRISPR, Microbial Chassis, Sustainability

Abstract

The global energy crisis and the urgent need to mitigate climate change have intensified the search for sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. Biofuels, derived from biological sources, present a promising renewable solution. However, first-generation biofuels from food crops face challenges related to land-use change, water consumption, and the “food-vs-fuel” debate. Second-generation biofuels, using non-food lignocellulosic biomass, offer a more sustainable pathway but are limited by recalcitrant biomass and inefficient conversion. Synthetic biology, the engineering of biological systems for novel functions, is transforming the biofuel landscape by providing tools to overcome these barriers. This review explores the latest advances in synthetic biology for sustainable advanced biofuel production. We detail core engineering principles, including pathway design, modular cloning, and CRISPR-based genome editing, that enable precise rewiring of microbial metabolism. We focus on engineering various host chassis—from traditional workhorses like Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae to non-model organisms like Clostridium and photosynthetic cyanobacteria—for producing diverse fuel molecules beyond ethanol, such as advanced alcohols, fatty acid-derived alkanes/alkenes, isoprenoid-based fuels, and hydrogen. We also discuss the integration of consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) and the use of one-carbon (C1) feedstocks like CO₂ and methane to enhance sustainability and reduce costs. Finally, we address persistent challenges in yield, titer, productivity, and scale-up, and outline future perspectives on integrating systems biology, machine learning, and circular bioeconomy principles to design the next generation of biofuel production systems.

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ajb-The Ontological Imperative: Synthetic Biology and the Disciplining of Life as a Postmodern Care Paradigm

Academians Journal of Biology

The Ontological Imperative: Synthetic Biology and the Disciplining of Life as a Postmodern Care Paradigm

Keywords:

synthetic biology, postmodernism, ethics of care, more-than-human, ontology, genetic engineering, biocontrol, bioethics

Abstract

The emergence of synthetic biology marks a significant paradigm shift in humanity’s engagement with the natural world, transitioning from exploitation and conservation to deliberate ontological redesign. This review builds on the concept of synthetic biology as a “postmodern technology of care” by critically examining its philosophical foundations, operational mechanisms, and ethical ramifications. We contend that synthetic biology enacts a form of ontological care, aiming to address suffering and existential threats not by modifying environments or behaviors, but by re-engineering the biological essence of organisms to enhance their fitness within human-altered contexts. Drawing on literature from bioethics, science and technology studies (STS), environmental philosophy, and molecular biology, this review analyzes three principal mechanisms of ontological care: (1) Metabolic Gatekeeping, where organisms are engineered for hyper-efficiency in controlled bioproduction systems; (2) Predetermined Ecologies, where gene drives and genetic biocontrol establish human-designed population dynamics in wild systems; and (3) Evolutionary Triage, where assisted evolution and de-extinction projects prioritize genetic malleability over ecological resilience. We identify the central ethical dilemma as the “Care-Control Paradox,” in which benevolent objectives such as species preservation or disease eradication are pursued through extensive biological control and simplification. The review concludes by considering alternative frameworks, including “relational care” and “prosthetic biology,” that may foster more collaborative and less imperialistic approaches to the more-than-human world. Ultimately, we argue that the most profound impact of synthetic biology may reside not in the organisms it produces, but in the new, technologically mediated ontology of life it establishes.

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jepah/Political Elites, Bureaucrats, Ethnocorruptic Practices and Malgovernance in Africa

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Post date October 9, 2025
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Journal of Emerging Perspectives in Arts and Humanities

Political Elites, Bureaucrats, Ethnocorruptic Practices and Malgovernance in Africa

Keywords: Africa, bureaucrats, ethnocorruption, malgovernance, political elite,

Abstract

This work aims to examine a malgovernance issue that is currently being felt in African countries, involving the indulgence of bureaucrats, politicians and ethnocorruptic practices. The principal-agency theory will be used to underpin this work. A literature data search was done to gather publicly accessible documents, including literary works, on African governance. The mal-governance acts were analyzed through content analysis on the detrimental problems that bureaucrats and political elites continue to promote through ethocorruptic behaviors that lead to malgovernance. Most cases of malgovernance in Africa are caused by political elites and bureaucrats who are either practitioners or supporters of ethnocorruptiv behaviors, as the secondary sources demonstrate. Additionally, the analysis suggests various factors, including personalism and leadership cults, elite dominance and state capture, unresolved historical traumas and grievances, clientelism and patronage, a lack of accountability and transparency, unresolved conflicts and historical issues, increase the susceptibility to malgovernance acts in their destructive forms. This is a theoretical investigation, but an empirical one could provide additional light on the ethnocorruptic practices that prolong malgovernance in Africa, which are the results of political elites and bureaucrats. To the best of my knowledge, this work is the first to use principal-agency theory to analyze malgoverance, specifically by considering the roles played by political elites and bureaucrats in the interaction between ethnocorruption and malgovernance.

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jepah/The Impact of Banks’ Performance on Economic Growth in Iraq: Dynamic GMM Approach

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Post date October 9, 2025
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Journal of Emerging Perspectives in Arts and Humanities

The Impact of Banks' Performance on Economic Growth in Iraq: Dynamic GMM Approach

Keywords: Bank performance; Dynamic GMM; Economic growth; Iraq.

Abstract

This study explores the long-term relationship between banking sector performance and economic growth in emerging economies, with a specific focus on Iraq. Using a dynamic Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) approach, the research analyzes panel data from 18 private commercial banks in Iraq spanning the period from 2005 to 2023. Key banking indicators including return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), and net interest margin (NIM) are examined in relation to gross domestic product growth (GDPG). The findings show that banking performance, particularly ROA and NIM, significantly contributes to economic growth. In contrast, investment activities and lending capacity exhibit weaker links to economic development, highlighting areas in need of policy reform. The study also emphasizes the influence of external factors such as technological advancement and political stability in shaping economic outcomes. By integrating bank-specific metrics into the analysis, this research provides fresh insights into the role of the banking sector in Iraq’s economic development. It underscores the importance of targeted policy interventions to strengthen financial institutions and calls for broader consideration of contextual factors to support sustainable growth. These insights offer practical guidance for both policymakers and researchers in emerging economies.

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jepah/Ethnographic Patronage and the Marginalization of Elite Professionals: Implications for Integrity and Performance in Uganda’s Public Sector

Journal of Emerging Perspectives in Arts and Humanities

Ethnographic Patronage and the Marginalization of Elite Professionals: Implications for Integrity and Performance in Uganda’s Public Sector

Keywords: Ethnographic patronage, public sector deployment, meritocracy, organizational integrity, Uganda public administration

Abstract

In Uganda’s public sector, deployment practices are largely influenced by ethnographic networks and patronage structures, where local affiliations and relational obligations often take precedence over merit-based considerations. This study critically examines how such dynamics marginalize highly skilled professionals, including master’s degree holders and above, who are often assigned to peripheral roles such as personal assistants to ministers due to their regional origins rather than expertise. Relying on extensive secondary data—comprising government reports, scholarly literature, policy analyses, and documented case studies—the research uncovers patterns of deployment that undermine optimal utilization of human capital and weaken organizational integrity and effectiveness. These entrenched patronage mechanisms reinforce regional inequalities and exacerbate socio-political fragmentation, obstructing national cohesion and socio-economic progress. The study highlights the urgent need for reforms that prioritize merit, transparency, and impartiality to dismantle ethnographic patronage entrenched in deployment decisions. Situating the marginalization of elite professionals within broader governance and institutional contexts, this research contributes to ongoing debates on public sector reform and social justice in post-colonial African states. Tackling ethnographic patronage is critical to fostering a competent, equitable, and effective public administration capable of advancing Uganda’s developmental objectives.

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