FULL ISSUEInternational Journal of Advanced Agriculture and Research
Vol. 2, Issue 5 — 2026
3 Articles
· Published: Oct 24, 2026 · Academians Publishers
Article 1 of 3Mahamat Ibet Chaib, Ali Baraka Mahamat, Mahamat Hassan Abdel-Aziz, ElMutaz Nasir Hassan, Saleh Bakhit Sino, Hassan Abakar Mery, Mahamoud Dahab Mahamat, Hassan Bashir Al-Amin
Abstract
This study aimed to isolate and identify pathogenic bacteria associated with traditionally slaughtered local chickens, determine the most prevalent bacterial species, and assess the level of bacterial contamination in the meat of traditionally slaughtered local chickens. The study included 208 samples of traditionally slaughtered local chickens, which were subjected to microbiological examinations to isolate and identify the bacteria based on cultural, microscopic, and appropriate biochemical tests.
The study results showed a variation in the total bacterial load levels among the four markets. The large Um Sadoriya market recorded the highest average bacterial count of 7.99 × 10⁶ CFU/g, followed by the Tartuna market with an average of 6.19 × 10⁶ CFU/g, then the Jouri market with an average of 5.66 × 10⁶ CFU/g, while the Old Cow market recorded the lowest average of 5.30 × 10⁶ CFU/g. These results indicate differences in bacterial contamination levels between the markets, with the large Um Sudriya market showing a higher bacterial load compared to the other markets, which may reflect variations in health conditions and methods of handling and preserving meat.
The results showed a clear variation in the spread of bacteria among the four markets. Staphylococcus spp. recorded the highest prevalence rate was 47.6%, followed by Shigella spp. At a rate of 34.6% and Escherichia coli at a rate of 33.2%, while Salmonella Typhi recorded the lowest rate at about 1%. These results generally indicate a significant level of bacterial contamination, which may be related to poor hygiene, handling, and storage, or contamination during slaughter and sample handling.
These results indicate a high level and diversity of bacterial contamination in locally slaughtered traditional chicken, with a clear predominance of Staphylococcus spp, and Salmonella spp And Klebsiella pneumoniae, in addition to the presence of important pathogenic bacteria such as E. coli O157 and Shigella spp , This may reflect the impact of slaughtering, processing, and handling practices, as well as hygiene conditions, on the microbiological safety of locally traditionally slaughtered meat. The results emphasise the importance of enhancing health control and improving slaughtering, handling, and storage practices to reduce the transmission of pathogenic bacteria and minimise health risks associated with the consumption of traditionally slaughtered chicken.
Keywords: local chicken, traditional slaughter, bacterial contamination, pathogenic bacteria, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus
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Article 2 of 3MOHAMMED, T., BELLO, R. M., YAKUBU M., MUHAMMAD A.A.
Abstract
The relationship between soil properties and weed distribution across two geological formations were evaluated on morphological, physical, and chemical properties, and their influence on weed distribution along two toposequences in different geological formations, Minna (Basement Complex) and Bida (sedimentary formation) in Niger State.. Six soil profile pits were excavated across the two toposequence three from each toposequence at upper, middle, and lower slope positions, and samples were collected from identified genetic horizons for laboratory analyses using standard procedures. Weed assessment was conducted using 1 m² quadrants, and species were identified using standard taxonomic guides. The results showed that soils across the two toposequences were predominantly loamy sand, with sand content ranging from 800–840 g kg⁻¹, indicating coarse texture. The soil structure varied from weak granular in surface horizons to moderate subangular blocky in subsoils. The soil pH ranged from slightly acidic to near neutral (6.00–6.91) in the two toposequence, while organic carbon and total nitrogen decreased with depth, indicating surface accumulation of organic matter. Exchangeable bases were moderate, suggesting a moderate fertility status. Lower slope positions exhibited relatively higher organic matter and nutrient accumulation due to erosion–deposition processes. Weed distribution varied markedly across slope positions, with drought-tolerant species dominating the upper slopes and moisture-loving species prevalent on the lower slopes, particularly under Basement Complex soils. The study demonstrates that topography and parent material jointly influence soil variability and weed distribution. These findings highlight the importance of site-specific soil and weed management strategies for improved and sustainable agricultural productivity.
Keywords: Toposequence, soil properties, weed distribution, Basement Complex, sedimentary formation.
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Article 3 of 3Haumba Eric Nelson, Mzwandile Shongwe
Abstract
Background: Climate change poses existential threats to smallholder agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa, with Eastern Uganda experiencing increasingly unpredictable rainfall patterns, prolonged droughts, and crop failures. Indigenous knowledge (IK) offers locally adapted, cost-effective climate adaptation strategies, yet institutional frameworks, particularly the National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS), systematically marginalize these methods.
Objective: This study analyzes how institutional bias within NAADS creates barriers to the adoption of proven IK climate adaptation methods among smallholder farmers in the Bukedi sub-region, Eastern Uganda.
Methods: A qualitative case study design was employed, utilizing 30 in-depth interviews (18 women, 12 men), 10 focus group discussions stratified by age and gender (80 participants), and six weeks of participant observation. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis guided by critical realism, with abductive and retroductive reasoning applied to identify institutional mechanisms generating bias.
Results: The findings reveal systematic institutional bias operating at three levels: policy (national agricultural policy mentions IK but provides no operational framework); institutional implementation (NAADS extension agents, trained in curricula that exclude IK, dismiss traditional practices); and stakeholder interests (the system benefits input suppliers, agribusiness, and extension agents oriented toward commercial agriculture). Farmers reported that NAADS agents: (1) actively discouraged IK practices (78% of respondents), (2) failed to provide climate information relevant to local conditions (83%), and (3) promoted expensive external inputs farmers could not afford (92%). This institutional bias has resulted in the erosion of 11 documented weather forecasting indicators, with youth retention dropping to 40% of elder knowledge.
Conclusion: Institutional bias within NAADS constitutes a significant barrier to climate adaptation, perpetuating dependency on external inputs while eroding locally validated knowledge. Addressing this requires: (1) curriculum reform to integrate IK into extension training; (2) institutional restructuring to create accountability mechanisms for IK integration; (3) participatory extension models that value farmer knowledge; and (4) policy reform to operationalize IK in climate adaptation strategies.
Keywords: Institutional bias, indigenous knowledge, climate adaptation, NAADS, Uganda, smallholder farmers
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