Preliminary effect of Anthracycline Type and Dose on Remission Induction Outcomes in Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Author(s):
Mohanad Abdulsahib Zaboon
Journal:
Health and Medical Research Advances
Abstract
Introduction: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly aggressive hematologic malignancy that necessitates timely remission-induction therapy. The standard 3+7 regimen of cytarabine and anthracycline use endures to this day, but anthracycline type and dose impact treatment outcomes in real-world conditions is clinically relevant today.
Aim: In adults with de novo AML on standard 3+7 protocol, remission induction response and survival outcomes were evaluated and the influences of anthracycline type and dose on complete remission rates were evaluated.
Subject and Methods: We performed a prospective observational cohort study with 53 newly diagnosed de novo AML adult patients from one tertiary institution on time, from December 2023 to December 2024. Induction therapy was provided to patients with cytarabine for 7 days and either daunorubicin (45–90 mg/m²) or doxorubicin (30 mg/m²) for 3 days. The diagnosis and classification were based on cytomorphology and flow cytometry using FAB criteria. Bone marrow examination measured treatment response using the treatment remission standard definitions. Analysis of logistic regression and Kaplan–Meier survival was conducted.
Results: The mean age was 35.0 ± 14.3 years, male-to-female ratio was 1.25:1. FAB-M2 was the most common subtype (43.4%). Complete remission (CR) occurred in 62.3%, partial remission 11.3%, no response in 22.6% and induction mortality 3.8%. Although not statistically significant, CR rates were higher with daunorubicin than with doxorubicin (69.2% versus 42.9%). CR rates were significantly higher for daunorubicin 90 mg/m² than 45 mg/m² (OR 8.5, p=0.014). It was a 37.9% 1-year overall survival, median 8 months survival. Survival by anthracycline type and dose were not statistically different.
Conclusion: Adult AML patients showed remission rates at standard 3+7 induction therapy, however acceptable. Higher doses (90 mg/m²) of daunorubicin were associated with better remission outcomes than lower doses. Fit older adults had comparable remission rates with younger patients. Daunorubicin may elicit an induction response increase without significant safety reduction with dose-optimized daunorubicin therapy.
Keywords:
Acute Myeloid Leukemia, AML, 3+7 protocol, Induction therapy, Daunorubicin, Doxorubicin, Complete remission, Anthracycline dose, Treatment outcomes