Electrochemical cells are fundamental components of modern scientific and industrial technologies, underpinning applications ranging from energy storage and materials synthesis to corrosion studies and environmental remediation. While significant experimental progress has been made in the development of electrochemical cell prototypes, the theoretical foundations governing material selection, structural design, and long-term system reliability remain underexplored in a unified academic framework. This paper presents a comprehensive theoretical analysis of electrochemical cell design, emphasizing material compatibility, structural integrity, sealing strategies, and operational stability under chemically aggressive environments. By synthesizing insights from electrochemistry, materials science, and engineering design theory, the study develops a conceptual framework for understanding how design decisions influence electrochemical performance, reproducibility, and scalability. The discussion highlights trade-offs among polymeric, metallic, and composite materials, examines the theoretical role of geometric confinement and modularity, and explores future directions for sustainable and adaptable electrochemical systems. This work contributes to the academic literature by offering a non-experimental, theory-driven perspective on electrochemical cell development suitable for both research and industrial contexts.