Interaction Between Dental Restorations and Periodontal Health: A Review Study

Abstract

Restorative dental treatments are essential for restoring lost tooth structure, masticatory function, and dental aesthetics. However, treatment success depends not only on the quality of the restoration but also on the maintenance of periodontal health. The interaction between dental restorations and the periodontium, particularly at the gingival and interproximal margins, may be influenced by restoration design and adaptation, margin location, surface characteristics, proximal contacts, and cleansability. Poorly designed or inadequately executed restorations, including excessive overhanging margins, inappropriate subgingival margins, inadequate proximal contacts, and rough surfaces, may promote plaque accumulation and impair oral hygiene, thereby increasing the risk of gingival inflammation and periodontal complications. Conversely, pre-existing periodontal conditions may negatively affect the prognosis and longevity of restorative therapy. This review aimed to examine the interaction between dental restorations and periodontal health, identify the major factors influencing periodontal responses to restorative procedures, and highlight clinical considerations for preventing periodontal complications and improving the longevity of dental restorations. Relevant scientific literature was reviewed, with emphasis on restoration margin location, adaptation and contour, proximal contacts, surface characteristics, and factors associated with plaque accumulation and periodontal inflammation. The findings were synthesized and interpreted with emphasis on the relationship between restoration quality and periodontal health, as well as relevant clinical and preventive considerations.