Challenges Faced by Transgender Persons in Accessing Employment in Galle District, Sri Lanka: A Qualitative Study

Abstract

Background: Transgender persons may encounter significant barriers to employment arising from social stigma, discrimination, educational disruption, inadequate organisational policies, and difficulties related to gender identity documentation. These barriers can restrict access to job opportunities, career development, and sustainable employment. Objective: This study explores the challenges faced by transgender persons in accessing employment in Galle District, Sri Lanka, with particular attention to social, educational, legal, organisational, and health-related factors. Methods: The study adopts a qualitative exploratory research design involving 25 transgender persons selected through purposive sampling. Data are collected through individual, semi-structured, in-depth interviews and analysed thematically. Ethical considerations include informed consent, voluntary participation, confidentiality, anonymity, and secure data handling. Results: The manuscript identifies six key themes concerning employment barriers: transphobia and social stigma, educational barriers, inadequate workplace policies, difficulties with legal documentation, pressure to conceal gender identity, and physical and mental health challenges. These issues may affect the ability of transgender persons to apply for jobs, participate in recruitment processes, obtain suitable employment, and maintain job security. The discussion also highlights the importance of gender-sensitive recruitment practices, supportive organisational policies, and inclusive workplace environments. Conclusion: Addressing employment barriers requires more than formal recognition of transgender rights. Employers, policymakers, and educational institutions should strengthen anti-discrimination measures, improve awareness of gender diversity, establish inclusive recruitment procedures, and provide appropriate workplace support. Such measures may help promote equitable employment opportunities and greater economic and social inclusion for transgender persons in Sri Lanka.