Abstract: This study delves into the profound and multifaceted impact of income inequality on population health outcomes. Increasingly, the widening disparities in income distribution, both within and across nations, have been robustly linked to a spectrum of adverse health profiles. This includes elevated rates of various chronic diseases, diminished overall health status, increased premature mortality, and a reduction in average life expectancy across affected populations. The intricate relationship between income inequality and health is understood to operate through several interconnected pathways. Firstly, Material Deprivation plays a critical role: individuals and communities situated at the lower end of the income spectrum frequently encounter significant barriers to accessing fundamental resources. Secondly, Psychosocial Stress is a major contributor: heightened income disparities can intensify feelings of relative deprivation, social isolation, and exclusion. Thirdly, the Erosion of Social Cohesion and Public Goods is observed: significant income gaps can weaken the social fabric, eroding mutual trust and collective civic engagement. Empirical evidence drawn from a diverse range of global contexts consistently demonstrates a strong negative correlation between the degree of income inequality and overall population health. Recognizing and understanding these complex interconnections is paramount for policymakers, public health professionals, and researchers alike, as it forms the basis for developing effective and equitable interventions. Ultimately, addressing income inequality is not merely an economic imperative but a crucial step towards reducing health disparities and fostering more just, resilient, and healthier societies for everyone.