Manufacturing firms in Enugu State, Nigeria, continue to face persistent challenges in productivity, customer satisfaction, and asset utilization, largely due to inadequate talent management practices. This study examined the relationship between talent management and organizational performance in selected manufacturing companies within the state. Specifically, the study investigated the effects of talent acquisition on customer satisfaction, the influence of talent development on return on assets (ROA), and the impact of talent deployment on productivity. The study population comprised 840 employees across five manufacturing firms (Innoson, Emenite, Juhel, Bon Industries, and B.O. MBA). Using Taro Yamane's formula, a sample of 271 respondents was proportionally drawn, with 212 completed questionnaires returned, yielding an 83.79% response rate. Data were collected via structured 5-point Likert scale questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and Structural Equation Modeling in IBM SPSS AMOS 26.0 with Maximum Likelihood estimation. Findings indicated significant positive relationships between talent acquisition and customer satisfaction (β = 0.69, p < 0.001), talent development and ROA (β = 0.58, p < 0.001), and talent deployment and productivity (β = 0.49, p < 0.001). Collectively, talent management practices accounted for 47% of the variance in firm performance. The study concluded that strategic talent management substantially enhances customer satisfaction, financial performance, and operational productivity in manufacturing firms. It recommended that organizations institutionalize integrated talent frameworks, adopt competency-based recruitment, implement continuous learning programs, and employ data-driven deployment strategies to sustain competitive advantage.