Youth Political Engagement in Bangladesh: Social Media Activism or Symbolic Participation?
Author(s):
Md. Nobir Hossain¹, Emran Hossain², Md. Shafiqul Islam³, Shohel Rana⁴, Md. Ismail Hossain⁵, Md. Al Amin⁶
Journal:
Journal of Emerging Perspectives in Arts and Humanities
Abstract
This article examines the evolving nature of youth political participation in Bangladesh, with a particular focus on the growing role of social media platforms as spaces for political expression, discussion, and mobilization. In a political environment where formal institutions are frequently dominated by entrenched elites and youth participation remains limited, digital platforms such as Facebook, YouTube, TikTok, and X have emerged as alternative arenas of engagement. Drawing on survey data from 300 university students in Dhaka, the study investigates whether online political engagement constitutes meaningful activism or remains largely symbolic, commonly described in the literature as clicktivism. The findings suggest that while Bangladeshi youth are highly active in digital political expression, this engagement rarely translates into sustained offline civic or political participation. Perceived political efficacy and trust in online information significantly encourage online engagement, whereas concerns related to privacy, surveillance, and political repression act as major deterrents to deeper involvement. Overall, the study highlights the emergence of a hybrid form of youth citizenship that is digitally expressive but institutionally constrained.
Keywords:
Youth political participation; digital activism; political efficacy; privacy concern; social media engagement; Bangladesh