Abstract: Uganda’s rich ethnic diversity has often been instrumentalized for political advantage, producing persistent disparities in resource allocation and public service delivery. This paper, using secondary data as its methodological foundation, draws on official reports, scholarly literature, and policy analyses to explore the entrenched relationship between ethnic nationalism and governance. The evidence indicates that politicizing ethnicity perpetuates inequalities in access to healthcare, education, infrastructure, and other essential services, while simultaneously deepening ethnic tensions that undermine national cohesion and development. Analysis reveals that regions with political alignment to the ruling elite frequently enjoy greater resource flows, whereas areas dominated by minority groups remain underserved. Such disparities reflect structural biases in governance and highlight the urgent need for reforms prioritizing citizen-centered policies that guarantee equitable service provision across all communities. Inclusive frameworks that transcend ethnic divisions are essential for fostering balanced development, enhancing social integration, and strengthening state legitimacy. Transforming ethnic diversity from a source of division into a foundation for national unity would enable Uganda to promote inclusive growth and improve the well-being of its citizens. Through evidence-based policymaking informed by secondary data, sustainable development outcomes can be achieved while mitigating the destabilizing effects of ethnic nationalism on governance and service delivery.